UPSC CSE·Concept
Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35)
Part III of the Indian Constitution contains the Fundamental Rights, which are essential for the all-round development of individuals. These rights are justiciable, meaning a citizen can approach a court of law if they are violated. Inspired by the USA's Bill of Rights, they are a cornerstone of Indian democracy, protecting citizens from arbitrary state action and ensuring their liberty and dignity.
Key points
- Guaranteed by the Constitution, these are not absolute and can be restricted on grounds of public order, morality, etc.
- Originally seven, the Right to Property was removed by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978. It is now a legal right (Art 300-A).
- Six categories: Equality, Freedom, Against Exploitation, Freedom of Religion, Cultural/Educational Rights, Constitutional Remedies.
- Article 32, the Right to Constitutional Remedies, is called the "heart and soul" of the Constitution by Dr. Ambedkar.
- Except for Articles 20 & 21, other Fundamental Rights can be suspended during a National Emergency.
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Posted 26 June 2026. More daily posts →