UPPCS·Concept
The 1975 Emergency: A Dark Chapter in Indian Democracy
The 1975 National Emergency, declared by PM Indira Gandhi, is a critical topic for UPPCS. Citing "internal disturbance" under Article 352, it led to a 21-month period of suspended fundamental rights, press censorship, and widespread arrests. This era saw significant constitutional changes through the 42nd Amendment, later largely reversed by the 44th Amendment. Critics often refer to this period as "Samwidhan Hatya Diwas" (Murder of the Constitution Day) due to its profound impact on democratic principles.
Key points
- President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed declared a National Emergency on June 25, 1975, under Article 352(1) on the advice of PM Indira Gandhi.
- The 42nd Amendment (1976), or "Mini-Constitution," drastically altered the Preamble and curtailed judicial review.
- In ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla, the Supreme Court upheld the suspension of Habeas Corpus (Article 32), a major controversy.
- The 44th Amendment (1978) replaced "internal disturbance" with "armed rebellion" and made other safeguards against misuse.
- Fundamental Rights under Articles 19 were suspended, and Article 21 (Right to Life and Liberty) was severely restricted.
- The term "Samwidhan Hatya Diwas" is used by opposition parties to mark the anniversary of the Emergency declaration.
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Posted 26 June 2026. More daily posts →