UPPCS·Concept
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22): India's First Mass Satyagraha
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), led by Mahatma Gandhi, was the first pan-India mass movement. It aimed to attain Swaraj by non-violently resisting British rule. Launched in the backdrop of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the repressive Rowlatt Act, it saw widespread boycotts of British institutions, including schools, courts, and legislative councils. The movement also integrated the Khilafat issue to foster Hindu-Muslim unity. It marked a significant shift in the Indian freedom struggle, mobilizing vast sections of the population.
Key points
- Cause: Launched against the backdrop of the Rowlatt Act (1919) and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919).
- Aims: To achieve Swaraj (self-rule) and to support the Khilafat Movement, ensuring Hindu-Muslim unity.
- Methods: Boycott of foreign goods, government schools, courts, and elections; surrender of titles; promotion of Swadeshi.
- Public Response: First true mass movement with widespread participation from peasants, workers, students, and women.
- Withdrawal: Abruptly called off by Gandhi in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident where protestors burned a police station.
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Posted 26 June 2026. More daily posts →